Mac 下 brew 切换为国内源

前言

Homebrew 是一款自由及开放源代码的软件包管理系统, 用以简化 macOS 和 linux 系统上的软件安装过程。以下是提供 Homebrew 的国内切源方法。

简介

Homebrew 是一款自由及开放源代码的软件包管理系统, 用以简化 macOS 和 linux 系统上的软件安装过程。它拥有安装、卸载、更新、查看、搜索等很多实用的功能, 通过简单的一条指令, 就可以实现包管理, 十分方便快捷。

Homebrew 主要有四个部分组成: brew、homebrew-core 、homebrew-bottles、homebrew-cask。

名称	说明
brew	Homebrew 源代码仓库
homebrew-core	Homebrew 核心软件仓库
homebrew-bottles	Homebrew 预编译二进制软件包
homebrew-cask	提供 macOS 应用和大型二进制文件

官网安装

首先，这里是官网：Homebrew，用官网的脚本安装，执行

/bin/bash -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/HEAD/install.sh)"

如果网络没问题，会直接一路安装成功，但如果提示：

需要修改/etc/hosts，在这个网站 IP address，检测一下 raw.githubusercontent.com，会得到这个域名的 A 解析，将对应的 IP 和域名，添加到 hosts 文件的最后，然后就可以顺利执行脚本了

国内脚本

上面的那个官网的，速度不是很理想，可以手动替换源地址，阿里，清华，中科大，腾讯都有。直接百度即可

# 科大
https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/help/brew.git.html

# 阿里
https://developer.aliyun.com/mirror/homebrew/

# 腾讯
https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/homebrew/

# 清华
https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/help/homebrew/

脚本地址：HomebrewCN

这个脚本，很简单，可以自主选择要使用的国内源，很方便，安装完之后，根据提示运行命令即可

安装脚本命令

/bin/zsh -c "$(curl -fsSL https://gitee.com/cunkai/HomebrewCN/raw/master/Homebrew.sh)"

问题

下面记录遇到的几种问题以及解决办法

1、执行 brew update 遇到如下报错：

Error: Failed to download https://formulae.brew.sh/api/formula.jws.json!
Failed to download https://formulae.brew.sh/api/cask.jws.json!
==> Downloading https://formulae.brew.sh/api/formula.jws.json
                                                                           0.7%curl: (28) Operation too slow. Less than 100 bytes/sec transferred the last 5 seconds

Warning: formula.jws.json: update failed, falling back to cached version.
==> Downloading https://formulae.brew.sh/api/formula.jws.json
#                                                                          2.2%curl: (28) Operation too slow. Less than 100 bytes/sec transferred the last 5 seconds

Warning: formula.jws.json: update failed, falling back to cached version.
==> Downloading https://formulae.brew.sh/api/formula.jws.json
curl: (28) Operation too slow. Less than 100 bytes/sec transferred the last 5 seconds

Error: Failure while executing; `/usr/bin/env /opt/homebrew/Library/Homebrew/shims/shared/curl --disable --cookie /dev/null --globoff --user-agent Homebrew/4.0.4-86-g7c15dce\ \(Macintosh\;\ arm64\ Mac\ OS\ X\ 13.2.1\)\ curl/7.86.0 --header Accept-Language:\ en --fail --progress-bar --location --remote-time --output /Users/rumosky/Library/Caches/Homebrew/api/formula.jws.json --compressed --speed-limit 100 --speed-time 5 --progress-bar https://formulae.brew.sh/api/formula.jws.json` exited with 28. Here's the output:
curl: (28) Operation too slow. Less than 100 bytes/sec transferred the last 5 seconds

执行这个命令即可

export HOMEBREW_NO_INSTALL_FROM_API=1

2、执行 brew doctor 时，遇到下面的提示：

Please note that these warnings are just used to help the Homebrew maintainers
with debugging if you file an issue. If everything you use Homebrew for is
working fine: please don't worry or file an issue; just ignore this. Thanks!

Warning: Suspicious https://github.com/Homebrew/brew git origin remote found.
The current git origin is:
  https://mirrors.aliyun.com/homebrew/brew.git

With a non-standard origin, Homebrew won't update properly.
You can solve this by setting the origin remote:
  git -C "/opt/homebrew" remote set-url origin https://github.com/Homebrew/brew

Warning: Suspicious https://github.com/Homebrew/homebrew-core git origin remote found.
The current git origin is:
  https://mirrors.aliyun.com/homebrew/homebrew-core.git

With a non-standard origin, Homebrew won't update properly.
You can solve this by setting the origin remote:
  git -C "/opt/homebrew/Library/Taps/homebrew/homebrew-core" remote set-url origin https://github.com/Homebrew/homebrew-core

这个忽略就好，不用管。

3、执行 brew update，遇到下面的提示：

Warning: No remote 'origin' in /opt/homebrew/Library/Taps/homebrew/homebrew-cask, skipping update!
Warning: No remote 'origin' in /opt/homebrew/Library/Taps/homebrew/homebrew-core, skipping update!
Warning: No remote 'origin' in /opt/homebrew/Library/Taps/homebrew/homebrew-services, skipping update!
Already up-to-date.

再执行 brew -v 命令看看是不是有两个 warning，这说明你的 homebrew-core、homebrew-cask 和 homebrew-services 目录被 git 认为不是一个安全的目录，需要手动添加

git config --global --add safe.directory 你的homebrew-core路径
git config --global --add safe.directory 你的homebrew-cask路径
git config --global --add safe.directory 你的homebrew-services路径

关于文档

阿里的文档很旧，内容没有更新，腾讯直接就没有文档，建议用清华和科大的，文档很详细，我最后用的是清华的，按照文档一步一步来，一点问题都没有，最后附上我的配置文件 .zprofile

eval "$(/opt/homebrew/bin/brew shellenv)"
# Set PATH, MANPATH, etc., for Homebrew.
export HOMEBREW_INSTALL_FROM_API=1
export HOMEBREW_API_DOMAIN="https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/homebrew-bottles/api"
export HOMEBREW_BOTTLE_DOMAIN="https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/homebrew-bottles"
export HOMEBREW_BREW_GIT_REMOTE="https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/git/homebrew/brew.git"
export HOMEBREW_CORE_GIT_REMOTE="https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/git/homebrew/homebrew-core.git"
eval "$(/opt/homebrew/bin/brew shellenv)"

优先使用官方的脚本，觉得慢，就替换成国内的，实在不行，再用国内的脚本。

查看本地的源

# 查看 brew.git 当前源
$ cd "$(brew --repo)" && git remote -v
origin    https://github.com/Homebrew/brew.git (fetch)
origin    https://github.com/Homebrew/brew.git (push)

# 查看 homebrew-core.git 当前源
$ cd "$(brew --repo homebrew/core)" && git remote -v
origin    https://github.com/Homebrew/homebrew-core.git (fetch)
origin    https://github.com/Homebrew/homebrew-core.git (push)

替换为阿里源

# 修改 brew.git 为阿里源
$ git -C "$(brew --repo)" remote set-url origin https://mirrors.aliyun.com/homebrew/brew.git

# 修改 homebrew-core.git 为阿里源
$ git -C "$(brew --repo homebrew/core)" remote set-url origin https://mirrors.aliyun.com/homebrew/homebrew-core.git

# zsh 替换 brew bintray 镜像
$ echo 'export HOMEBREW_BOTTLE_DOMAIN=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/homebrew/homebrew-bottles' >> ~/.zshrc
$ source ~/.zshrc

# bash 替换 brew bintray 镜像
$ echo 'export HOMEBREW_BOTTLE_DOMAIN=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/homebrew/homebrew-bottles' >> ~/.bash_profile
$ source ~/.bash_profile

# 刷新源
$ brew update

替换为清华源

# 替换各个源
$ git -C "$(brew --repo)" remote set-url origin https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/git/homebrew/brew.git
$ git -C "$(brew --repo homebrew/core)" remote set-url origin https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/git/homebrew/homebrew-core.git
$ git -C "$(brew --repo homebrew/cask)" remote set-url origin https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/git/homebrew/homebrew-cask.git

# zsh 替换 brew bintray 镜像
$ echo 'export HOMEBREW_BOTTLE_DOMAIN=https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/homebrew-bottles' >> ~/.zshrc
$ source ~/.zshrc

# bash 替换 brew bintray 镜像
$ echo 'export HOMEBREW_BOTTLE_DOMAIN=https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/homebrew-bottles' >> ~/.bash_profile
$ source ~/.bash_profile

# 刷新源
$ brew update

替换为中科大源

# 替换各个源
$ git -C "$(brew --repo)" remote set-url origin https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/brew.git
$ git -C "$(brew --repo homebrew/core)" remote set-url origin https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/homebrew-core.git
$ git -C "$(brew --repo homebrew/cask)" remote set-url origin https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/homebrew-cask.git

# zsh 替换 brew bintray 镜像
$ echo 'export HOMEBREW_BOTTLE_DOMAIN=https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/homebrew-bottles' >> ~/.zshrc
$ source ~/.zshrc

# bash 替换 brew bintray 镜像
$ echo 'export HOMEBREW_BOTTLE_DOMAIN=https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/homebrew-bottles' >> ~/.bash_profile
$ source ~/.bash_profile

# 刷新源
$ brew update

重置为官方源

# 重置 brew.git 为官方源
$ git -C "$(brew --repo)" remote set-url origin https://github.com/Homebrew/brew.git

# 重置 homebrew-core.git 为官方源
$ git -C "$(brew --repo homebrew/core)" remote set-url origin https://github.com/Homebrew/homebrew-core.git

# 重置 homebrew-cask.git 为官方源
$ git -C "$(brew --repo homebrew/cask)" remote set-url origin https://github.com/Homebrew/homebrew-cask

# zsh 注释掉 HOMEBREW_BOTTLE_DOMAIN 配置
$ vi ~/.zshrc
# export HOMEBREW_BOTTLE_DOMAIN=xxxxxxxxx

# bash 注释掉 HOMEBREW_BOTTLE_DOMAIN 配置
$ vi ~/.bash_profile
# export HOMEBREW_BOTTLE_DOMAIN=xxxxxxxxx

# 刷新源
$ brew update